EUROPE

 Europe covers around 10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth's surface (6.8% of land region), making it the second littlest mainland (utilizing the seven-landmass model). Strategically, Europe is partitioned into around fifty sovereign states, of which Russia is the biggest and generally crowded, spreading over 39% of the landmass and involving 15% of its populace. Europe had a complete populace of around 746 million (about 10% of the total populace) in 2018.[2][3] The European environment is to a great extent influenced by warm Atlantic flows that temper winters and summers on a significant part of the landmass, even at scopes along which the environment in Asia and North America is extreme. Further from the ocean, occasional contrasts are more perceptible than near the coast. 

European culture is the base of Western progress, which follows its ancestry back to old Greece and antiquated Rome.[12][13] The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and the resulting Migration Period denoted the finish of Europe's old history and the start of the Middle Ages. Renaissance humanism, investigation, workmanship and science prompted the cutting edge time. Since the Age of Discovery, begun by Portugal and Spain, Europe assumed an overwhelming part in worldwide undertakings. Between the sixteenth and twentieth hundreds of years, European forces colonized at different occasions the Americas, practically the entirety of Africa and Oceania, and most of Asia. 

The Age of Enlightenment, the resulting French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars formed the landmass socially, strategically and monetarily from the finish of the seventeenth century until the primary portion of the nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution, which started in Great Britain toward the finish of the eighteenth century, brought about revolutionary monetary, social and social change in Western Europe and at last the more extensive world. Both universal conflicts occurred generally in Europe, adding to a decrease in Western European strength in world undertakings by the mid-twentieth century as the Soviet Union and the United States took prominence.[14] During the Cold War, Europe was separated along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the West and the Warsaw Pact in the East, until the transformations of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall. 

In 1949, the Council of Europe was established with binding together Europe to accomplish shared objectives and forestall future conflicts. Further European coordination by certain states prompted the development of the European Union (EU), a different political substance that lies between a confederation and a federation.[15] The EU began in Western Europe however has been growing toward the east since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The cash of most nations of the European Union, the euro, is the most regularly utilized among Europeans; and the EU's Schengen Area annuls line and migration controls between the greater part of its part states and some non-individuals states. There exists a political development preferring the advancement of the European Union into a solitary organization incorporating a significant part of the landmass 

Europe is a mainland found altogether in the Northern Hemisphere and generally in the Eastern Hemisphere. It involves the westernmost promontories of the mainland landmass of Eurasia,[10] and is lined by the Arctic Ocean toward the north, the Atlantic Ocean toward the west, the Mediterranean Sea toward the south, and Asia toward the east. Europe is regularly viewed as isolated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the streams of the Turkish Straits.[11] Although a lot of this line is over land, Europe is for the most part agreed the situation with a full mainland due to its extraordinary actual size and the heaviness of its set of experiences and customs.